Radiation therapy directed at abdominal tumors saves lives. It can, in some cases, also lead to tissue damage and dysfunction, including enteritis (intestinal inflammation), proctitis (rectal inflammation), cystitis (bladder irritation), fibrosis (tissue scarring), and vascular injury. These radiation-induced injuries can manifest as debilitating gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal complications, such as pain, bleeding, diarrhea, incontinence, and bowel obstruction, that can persist long after the initial radiation treatment.
There is growing evidence for the therapeutic benefits of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in managing radiation-induced complications and optimizing radiotherapy efficacy across different cancer types. A bibliographic review found Grade B/C evidence that HBOT can reduce late-onset radiation injuries, prevent osteoradionecrosis, and improve outcomes in head/neck tumors and high-grade gliomas (Fernandez, et al, 2021). A large retrospective study in breast cancer patients demonstrated HBOT significantly improved pain, symptoms, and quality of life measures, with low rates of moderate/severe side effects. Additionally, a small study showed HBOT provided clinical benefit in over half of patients with radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. These collective findings support the use of HBOT as a valuable management strategy for clinicians treating radiation-related complications and optimizing radiotherapy for their cancer patients.
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